Team Teamwork And Performance Maximizing Profits And...

Teams, Teamwork and Performance Maximizing profits and minimizing costs has been the key of every organization, and achieving this goal can be aided by the implementation of teams. Teamwork is everywhere. The number of organizations using teamwork is increasing. The team phenomenon has heightened our need to better understand what makes these groups more or less effective (Miller, 2003). Effective teams can provide many advantages in organizations, and all of the contributions of teams lead to stronger competitive advantages and higher overall organizational performance. In this overview of teamwork, I will apply my university group project example to describe the type and the characteristics of the team that I have been involved with, and to illustrate the five stages of team development. In addition, the team cohesiveness will be analyzed and at the end my overall experience in this teamwork will be narrated. Organizations use many types of teams to achieve the advantages. There are many types of teams documented in the literature. Huszczo (1990), for example, mentions committees, task forces, quality circles, employee participation groups, joint union management teams, action committees, project teams, supervisory councils and autonomous or self-directed work teams. Teams of this kind are set up with a specific objective in mind and they meet periodically to discuss a pre-determined agenda. As a consequence, the conduct and behavior of such team meetings are focused andShow MoreRelatedSafety Manager1490 Words   |  6 Pagescomprehensive OSHA certifications, including STS/SPS, HTS, IST, EHS, SAC, SEM, CET, CDT, and CSC. Additional experience includes US Marine Corps service, pending MA in Project Management, and team management. Also offering outstanding talents in setting project cost, schedule and productivity benchmarks, enabling teams to consistently provide contract deliverables, c reating productive internal and external client relationships and leading programs and projects to consistently successful completion. ExcelRead MoreDescribe the Process Consultation1812 Words   |  8 PagesProcess consultation (PC) is a general framework for carrying out helping relationships. It is oriented to helping managers, employees, and groups assess and improve processes, such as communication, interpersonal relations, decision making and task performance. Schein argues that effective consultants and managers should be good helpers, aiding others in getting things done and in achieving the goals they have set. Thus, PC is more a philosophy than a set of techniques aimed at performing this helpingRead MoreImportance of Management2147 Words   |  9 Pagesbecome necessary in every walk of life. Management is required wherever two or more people work together to achieve common objectives. The success in group efforts depends upon mutual cooperation among the members of the group. Management creates teamwork and coordination among specialized efforts. Management is indispensable in all organizations whether a business firm, a government, a hospital, a college, a club, etc. Management is a creative force which helps in the optimum utilization of resourcesRead MoreFunctions of Finance Executive, Finance Treasurer Finance Controller3200 Words   |  13 Pagesit is generally performed by the executive chief or by the officers of the finance-department in a large scale enterprise. In estimating the financial requirements of the concern, help of various budgets i.e., sales budget, production budget etc., profit and loss account and Balance Sheet is sought. ESTABLISHING ASSET-MANAGEMENT POLICIES In order to estimate and arrange for cash requirements of an enterprise, it is very necessary to decide how much cash will be invested in non-cash assets, i.eRead MoreConstruction Of Construction And Construction4421 Words   |  18 Pagesan important role in shaping society’s future. Consequently, the construction Industry produces a vast quantity of waste which imposes extra costs to the projects. In spit a fact that, it is not precise estimation of the construction waste, but various valid statistics have confirmed that construction waste is a relatively large percentage of production costs. For instance, in UK the annual construction and demolition industry waste is three times the amount of waste generated by all UK householdsRead MoreFront Office Management Budget5663 Words   |  23 Pages1.0 INTRODUCION 1.1 What Are Budgets? (By Lydia Wanjiru) They are predictions of future income and expenses and cash flow. They also predict future performance with financial forecasts and projections and with financial models. The process of creating a weekly departmental schedule can be time consuming. It’s difficult to juggle various financial guidelines as well as ensure optimum staffing levels to properly serve guests without a budget. The front office ‘transaction’ is simply the time itRead MoreImplementation of a Gym9012 Words   |  37 PagesProject Management 2nd half-semester Spring 2011 Group Project Management Opening a Gym MSc in Management9th May 2011 | Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2 Motivations 2 2. Teamwork in Project Management 2 Challenges and responsibilities in Project Management Team 3 Internal and External Players - Project Governance 4 Organisations in Project Management 4 3. Project Environment 5 SWOT Analysis 6 4. The 7-S’s of Project Management 6 5. Work Breakdown Structure 8 6. DescriptionRead MoreSupply Chain Management Essay7333 Words   |  30 Pages Vertical Integration, The degree to which a firm owns its upstream suppliers and its downstream buyers is referred to as vertical integration. Because it can have a significant impact on a business units position in its industry with respect to cost, differentiation, and other strategic issues, the vertical scope of the company is an important consideration in corporate strategy. Expansion of activities downstream is referred to as forward integration, and expansion upstream is referred to asRead MoreTerm Paper on Project Risk Management14904 Words   |  60 Pagesproject activities in order to meet or exceed stakeholder needs and expectations from a project. Project risk management includes the processes concerned with identifying, analyzing, and responding to project risk. It includes maximizing the results of positive events and minimizing the consequences of adverse events. Generally, risk is a choice in an environment rather than a fate. BS 6079 (British Standard Institution 1996) defines risk as ‘It is the uncertainty inherent in plans and possibility ofRead MoreProject Report on Performance Appraisal5788 Words   |  24 PagesINDEX 1. LEARNING OBJECTIVE 2. INTRODUCTION 3. OBJECTIVE OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL 4. DEVELOPING THE PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL SYSTEM 5. INTRODUCING OPERATION OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL SYSTEM 6. MONITORING EVALUATING PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL 7. PROCESS OF PERFORMANC APPRAISAL 8. PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 9. BENEFITS OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL 10. CONSTRAINTS 11. NEW TRENDS IN PERFORMANDE APPRAISAL SYSTEM 12. 360o APRAISAL SYSTEM OR FEEDBACK 13. NEW APPRAISAL SYSTEMS

Vision Achieved By Jefferson Essays - 879 Words

A Vision Achieved nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Jefferson envisioned a government that allowed its citizens to exercise inalienable rights. In exact words, he states, â€Å" We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.† To be more evident, how can we define these â€Å"inalienable rights† of â€Å"life†, â€Å"liberty†, and the â€Å"pursuit of happiness?† Have these inalienable rights, achieved Jefferson’s goal? I am convinced, Jefferson’s revolutionary vision of life, liberty, and happiness has at last been achieved in America. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Life is a precious gift given to us the†¦show more content†¦This issue here is that my father, living the life of following his own cultural beliefs and not being able to marry unless a wife is chosen for him, went on to marry my mother. This is easily attainable in the United States but in his country it would be unacceptable. Life is complicated! Our values, morals, and attitudes justify our lives and how we live our life. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Freedom of slavery, captivity, or any other form of arbitrary control can help define the right of â€Å"Liberty†. We have the right to not feel confined, but permitted to act freely. My Grandfather, who lived in Guatemala, was shot, by guerrilla terrorists, because of his political beliefs and defending his homestead. Today, we the people, have the right to speak freely, express our most intimate thoughts on political or even sexual preferences without being shot or even having the fear of being shot. A great example of â€Å"Liberty† was displayed by Martin Luther King. He was the greatest leader of the black movement in the 50’s and 60’s. If it wasn’t for Thomas Jefferson’s idea of the inalienable right of â€Å"Liberty†, Martin Luther King Jammal 3 would have never have had the chance to lead his people to freedom with the same idea. The Constitution of the United States has been the supreme law of this nation since 1788. It is a system of fundamental laws and defines distinct powers for the Congress of the United States, the president, and the federalShow MoreRelatedA Brief Biography on Thomas Jefferson Essay1487 Words   |  6 PagesSynthesis Essay - Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson The Air Force Senior Noncommissioned Officer Academy defines a leader as â€Å"†¦someone who influences others to achieve a goal.† (CF02, FRLD, p. 9, 2012) Thomas Jefferson was a visionary and ethical leader that fought for and ensured that a group of colonies in a new land achieved the ultimate goal of creating the United States of America. While he was the third President of our nation, one could argue that his most influential work came yearsRead MoreCompare And Contrast Jeffersonian Federalists And Hamiltonian Government1575 Words   |  7 PagesAlexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson were two great leaders in United States history, they both had deeply contrasting views of government and economy. After America achieved independence from Great Britain in 1783, the fledgling nation needed its people to guide it towards a firm and steady future. The two political parties — the Hamiltonian Federalists and the Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans — under t heir respective leaders Hamilton and Jefferson, each had a differing vision for the nation’s futureRead MoreFederalists vs. Democratic Republicans922 Words   |  4 Pageswanted to keep America a free an independent nation with rights for its people. However there was two different groups, the Federalists lead by Alexander Hamilton and the Democratic-Republicans led by Thomas Jefferson, which thought this could be achieved in very different ways. Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton were very different in their methods to try and develop America as a nation. The two were very much alike because they both were avid Americans, and wanted to see the nation succeedRead MoreThe Pursuit Of Happiness In Thomas Jefferson And The Declaration Of Independence837 Words   |  4 Pagesseparation between the colonies and the British. Thomas Jefferson was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence, in his work he expressed mistreatment and oppression the colonies have endured under King George III. Thomas Jefferson wrote in the Declaration of Independence that the citizens on the American continent were to exercise their rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Jefferson’s revolutionary has vision been achieved in the United States in the present day. However,Read MoreThe Civil War Of 18121560 Words   |  7 PagesCompromise†. This compromise went over the sectional differences the states had at the time, but was able to maintain the balance between states who favored slavery, and those who were against it and banned it in their respective state. But how this was achieved? After the â€Å"War of 1812†, the American people started to contemplate the idea of expansion more thoroughly, which led to the â€Å"Era of Good Feeling†, from 1817 to 1823. This ideas, however, were delayed because of the â€Å"Panic of 1819†, which was theRead MoreA Do Or Die War1456 Words   |  6 Pagesas Thomas Jefferson, who ruled in the periods of 1743-1826 (Heidler and Heidler 12). President Jefferson, who was the leader of the Republican Party, was well renowned for his advocating for favorable public education in the U.S. as well as he rallied against the aristocracy rule that was known to be selective among its citizens. Although he rallied for equality and was quite radical during his reign, Jefferson left a history behind that was termed to be a leadership that never a chieved democracyRead MoreThe American Dream : A New Nation1617 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent and gift people with individuality, hopes, and enlighten them with the American dream. A dream brought from desperate times, providing motivation for many even until this day. People have maintained the hope that the American dream can be achieved by anybody. We have had different races immigrate into the united states throughout our past and including our present. Many people decided to leave their homes and head on an expedition in hopes of an opportunity that would change their lives. RiskingRead MoreThomas Jefferson, Horace Mann, John Dewey, And The Court Case Of Brown Vs. Brown898 Words   |  4 Pagesand events contributing to the basis of this paper are Thomas Jefferson, Horace Mann, John Dewey, and the court case of Brown vs. Brown. Thomas Jefferson remains one of the first advocates for public education, which was later termed the Common School Movement. He recognized the inequality in education, for the wealthy stood the only ones capable of affording an education, thus the poor stayed poor and the rich stayed rich. Jefferson aspired to change the apparent injustices in the education systemRead MoreIndependence Of The Independent Constitution Today Is Great For All Of Us Essay1032 Words   |  5 PagesIndependence usually that comes at a cost in order to truly be achieved and helpful to the people. The Constitution was made to help mankind achieve new possibilities. The President and government work for the people. Thomas Jefferson was the Third President of the United States. He was born on 1743-1826 in Virginia. He was a lawyer politician and an inventor. The architect of Virginia University was built by Jefferson. Also, Jefferson was the author of the Declaration of Independence of theRead MoreExecutive Summary : Halliburton Company1662 Words   |  7 Pagesworldwide. As there have been many changes in the various financial statements for Halliburton there was a need for a balanced score card. The Balance score card will help Halliburton improve its performance and ensure that it is performing as per its vision and mission. The approach used in the balanced score to track the performance is based on four perspectives financial, customer, internal business and innovation and learning. This balanced score card is surrounded around executives and enterprise

How Dickens, Hardy and Roy did use endings in their works Free Essays

â€Å"I work hard for a sufficient living, and therefore yes, I do well† comes at the close of Dickens’ â€Å"Great Expectations†, and reveals a latent redemption of Pip’s previous condemnation that â€Å"the universal struggle† had caused him to be unashamedly â€Å"disgusted with his calling and his life†. This feature of Dickens’ novel’s ending allies with the consolidation of the trains of imagery that he seeks to define, alongside the question of the original ending and how it varies the tone of the novel. Roy’s â€Å"The God of Small Things† features an ending that paradoxically falls into the line of a non-linear perspective, creating a â€Å"sicksweet† atmosphere which she seeks to both personalise and universalise- allowing her to use ending to also extend along trains of imagery. We will write a custom essay sample on How Dickens, Hardy and Roy did use endings in their works or any similar topic only for you Order Now Finally Hardy’s own endings both take on a literal quality with the diminuendo nature of both â€Å"The Voice† and â€Å"At An Inn†, but the concept of ending as a metaphorical representation of death also comes across, â€Å"Your Last Drive† being a prevalent example. Hardy’s use of ending in his work takes on a multi-dimensional significance in a literal and figurative sense, as he addresses both the close of a poem, and the closing of life. â€Å"The Voice† closes with the image of â€Å"wind oozing from norward† and the bitter indictment of, â€Å"And the woman, calling†. This is in great contrast to the opening of the poem, with its lyrical effervescence of â€Å"Woman much missed how you call to me, call to me/Saying that now you are not as you were†, as the structurally rich lines of enjambment and romanticised passion contrast with the impersonal, antagonised end. This reveals the idea of the poem having a diminuendo quality, as Hardy uses his ending, and its contrast to the opening, to successfully reflect the depreciation in his relationship that he saw, the depreciation of the colourful â€Å"air blue gown† to the neologistically bleak â€Å"wan wistlessness†. This diminuendo idea also features in â€Å"At An Inn†, as it flows from an opening of promise, of â€Å"bliss like theirs/That would flush our day†, as enjambment highlights the depth of bliss that is crucially perceived, rather than physical. This is highlighted through Hardy’s ending, of what he sees as the charade of â€Å"love-light†, to the point that he equates this lack of love with that of death, appealing to the omnipotent â€Å"laws of men† that so often pervade his work to â€Å"once let us stand/As we did then†, as if reality is in fact worse than the awful past. This superlative of negativity highlights how Hardy uses ending to exemplify his own reality. However, the concept of ending with Hardy can also take on a much wider significance, and the endings of these wider explorations of â€Å"the end† in death and time seek to define Hardy’s views on these wider subjects. â€Å"Your Last Drive† sees him attempting to demystify his own role, or lack of it, in Emma’s death, and it closes with the monosyllabic â€Å"You are past love, praise, indifference, blame†, with this ambiguous ending leading to varied interpretations on Hardy’s opinion of death. It could be a simple dismissal of death, that he sees these words that he writes for her â€Å"praises† and her â€Å"countenance† as now worthless, but this is not the only plausible interpretation. It could represent a latent resentment of the dead, as if they are fortunate to be granted a blissful release from the emotion, from the â€Å"praises† and from the â€Å"countenance† that Hardy must still talk and write of, as if to be â€Å"Past love, praise, indifference, blame† is in fact a form of literary and metaphorical redemption, rather than the cursed end that it is traditionally seen to be. Therefore Hardy can also be seen to use ending to explore greater issues, to not merely close the boundaries of his poems and conventions but to extend them, to discuss universal ideas of â€Å"the end† and to thereby present his own interpretations. The idea of both personal and universal closure is one that is also seen in Roy’s novel â€Å"The God of Small Things†, also leaving ideas open to interpretation, unlike a traditional â€Å"end†. The close of the novel falls upon Ammu, as â€Å"she turned to say it again. Naaley†. Tomorrow†. This reveals how Roy attempts to first personalise the close through the use of Malayalam, by consolidating Ammu and Velutha’s love that is shared amongst the â€Å"mangosteen tree†, â€Å"the jet streaks on a church blue sky† and â€Å"the love laws†, and then to universalise the message of the novel to the reader with the English â€Å"Tomorrow†, just as she did at the end of the opening, referencing both â€Å"when the love laws were laid down† and also the â€Å"hopelessly practical world† of 1969. This idea of consolidating on a personal and universal scale is also made relevant through Roy’s use of the trains of imagery that are relevant throughout the book. For example â€Å"Ammu’s Road† now has â€Å"a small sunny meadow†, unlike its previous emptiness, its â€Å"wilder sort of walk†. She also references the all encompassing nature of â€Å"The Terror†, showing how even at the end of a narrative, pervading images can still hold a powerful sway, even in this case, against an unconventionally non-linear narrative. This could represent the power of these images over â€Å"the scurry of small lives† that the novel represents, or possibly that these images are in fact â€Å"the small things† that seep into the novel, just as for example the death of Sophie Mol â€Å"hid in books and food†. The fact that the narrative of â€Å"The God of Small Things† is non-linear possesses great significance to the ending in other aspects as well- it leads to the ideas of where the ending truly is, how the use of placement of ending affects the tone of the novel. The chosen ending could be said to give the novel a tone that it reinforces itself- it is â€Å"sicksweet†. This is backed up by the superficial perceived positivity of â€Å"tomorrow†, as although the ending would seem to possess hope for the future, the non-linear narrative shatters this hope, as the reader knows that Ammu and Velutha’s tomorrow will be one of â€Å"smashed smiles† and â€Å"a lucky leaf that wasn’t lucky enough†. This relates to Roy using her ending to create a desired tone, as well as using the concept of foreshadowing to a greater extent than it is conventionally employed- it creates an atmosphere of the â€Å"sicksweet† closing chapter is not the true end, that in reality the end is Rahel and Estha’s prior â€Å"consummation of hideous grief†, and that Roy’s physical ending is not the physical ending to the story. This however is challenged by the chapter’s title, â€Å"The Cost of Living†, as â€Å"the smashed smiles that lay ahead of them† are almost taken out of their narrative context, that the ending is more a personal ending for Ammu and Velutha as their own closure and that the final universalisation is actually seeking to challenge the shattered hope, just as Ammu and Velutha challenge the love laws. Therefore Roy also uses ending to tie up her thematic influences, and to embellish the structure and tone of the novel in a way that is multi-faceted, addressing personal and universal issues. Dicken’s â€Å"Great Expectations† also has an ending that addresses characters’ personal issues and also thematic questions. He uses his ending to seemingly resolve Pip’s issues with Estella, â€Å"I saw no shadow of another parting from her†, but this also resolves a thematic issue of Pip’s continued naivety over the subject of Estella. This naivety extends back through his knowledge that his â€Å"star† is in fact born to the lowest of the low, a murderess and a convict, and that despite his vow â€Å"never to cry for her again† after an early encounter at Satis House, the interior ending of the narrative, his perspective aided by hindsight that closes childlike aspersions as they come, states that â€Å"never was a bigger lie ever told†. This leads to the close of the novel almost forcing the reader to take on the role of this secondary perspective for Pip, and realising for them self but not for him, as there is no longer the boundary between the two perspectives- Dickens consolidates these ideas through a consistent narrative trend, as Roy does with imagery in â€Å"The God Of Small Things†. However, the ending also challenges consistency- Estella is seen to progress from the influential desire of Miss Havisham to â€Å"break their hearts† to â€Å"understand what (Pip’s) heart used to be†, and that Pip has progressed from knowing â€Å"I was ashamed of (Joe)† and being â€Å"disgusted with (his) calling and (his) life† to knowing that it is not a crime to say â€Å"I work hard for a sufficient living and therefore yes, I do well†. This opposition in partial knowledge leads to the ending being used as a sort of catharsis for Pip, as â€Å"the mists rise† once again they do so for him, in his own mind, positively, despite the ironic knowledge of the reader that this is in fact a naive trend- similar once again to Roy’s use of ending in â€Å"The God of Small Things†. Therefore Dickens uses ending to consolidate theme, but also to include uncertainty that both remains consistent with and challenges previous narrative events, deepening the final meaning of the narrative. However, Dickens’ ending and its use are questionable in a similar way to Roy’s due to the presence of alternate perspective. However, unlike in Roy’s ending it is not who the ending involves but its construction, as â€Å"Great Expectations† has its own, alternative ending. The original ending speaks of Estella and Pip merely â€Å"looking upon each other sadly†, as opposed to the imagery laden ending that was eventually published. In the original there is no â€Å"casting off of the wretched years† that Pip achieves in the published ending. This choice leads to a similar perspective to the one placed upon Roy’s use of ending in choice- although Dickens’ ending was a publisher’s decision, why he chose to write the ending as he did is still questionable. The original ending is more in line with the tone of disappointment that pervades the novel’s â€Å"universal struggle†, but the language of the published ending, the glorified â€Å"broad expanse of tranquil light† that can be seen to both illuminate Estella but also to shroud true realisation from Pip can also be seen to be appropriate, as it reflects the aforementioned ideas of consistent naivety, and also runs in line with the idea of all other redemption being latent and inherently unfulfilled- Miss Havisham and Magwitch as examples. Therefore, Dickens also uses ending to exemplify character, and tone individual to certain aspects of the narrative, in both a consistent and opposing manner. In conclusion, the three writers use endings in multi-faceted ways, across individual and contexts. Hardy uses ending as not just a method of defining validity of feeling and exclusivity of emotional experience, but also to discuss the concept of â€Å"the end†, and how a change of tone or style in his literary endings can reflect heavily on these wider interpretations. Roy also achieves this, but alongside Dickens also uses ending to both consolidate and challenge thematic and tonal issues, allowing them to both utilise ending to embellish their narratives further than would normally be possible, provoking intrigue over not just their own texts, but as with all three of the writers, intrigue over what the concept of the ending is really about. How to cite How Dickens, Hardy and Roy did use endings in their works, Papers

Understanding System Case Study of Zoo4U

Question: Discuss about the Understanding System Case Study of Zoo4U. Answer: Introduction A system can be defined as the collection of parts (or say subsystems). The system is developed to achieve some specific goal. The system includes various parts and processes like the input, output, and at the end the total outcome of all the processes in the system. All the elements of a system have to work together so that desired goal can be achieved. The elements of a system are boundary, environment, subsystems, control mechanisms, observable interactions. Also there are different kind of systems are in existence like the natural system, abstract system, symbol system, designed system, information systems, control systems etc. The natural systems include ecosystems. The information systems and the control systems are the specially designed systems that according to the need of the clients or the customers. In this report focuses on developing a system for the Zoo4U in which there are several subsystem that are performing some specific tasks in the total system to run the whole s ystem properly (Adetunji and Adesope 2015). The system also identifies the key stake holders of the different subsystems of the systems. As the zoo system can have a different kind of partners and resources therefore the zoo requires a systematic approach to manage the resources. As an example it can be said that the task of collecting the animal from different locations, their conservation, observation of their nutrition and breeding must be managed by some specialized and skillful staffs (Cong et al. 2014). On the other hand the management of the corporate entertainment and team building events should be managed by some other subsystem so that the total task can be completed in an efficient way. The report also describes the roles of the staffs, animals, and the visitors of the zoo. Identifying the subsystems For the given case study of zoo4U there are several tasks that are to be completed by different sub systems so that they can be completed successfully and help the zoo to achieve a specific goal. A zoo is an organization that requires dynamic operations according to different situations. As Zoo's consolidate different sorts of creatures, drinking water supplies, wastewater, water recycling centers, turf, blooms, trees, strong squanders, restaurants, sanitation offices, and veterinary centers (Emikpe et al. 2016). At present a zoo is managed by with some primary objectives like animal training, care, their conservation etc. therefore the following are the identified sub systems that are related to the organizational system of Zoo4U. 1. Enrollment system. 2. Human resource management system. 3. Animal care management system. 4. Administrative system. 5. Finance management system. Enrollment system- As it takes a lot of money for the conservation of any endangered species thus a zoo requires a constant flow of funds, so that they can carry on the different animal related projects like the conservation and the breeding programs of the animals. Therefore, for this the zoo must think about the different donor adoption programs that can help the in financing the different project at the zoo. Therefore to adopt or participate in the donor ship program the client or the visitor has to enroll in the programs. By introducing the donor ship and adoption program the zoo can help the people to get closer to the nature on the other hand the zoo can raise funds for the animal health care, conservation and the breeding program. Human resource management system- Since a zoo is a multi-dimensional organization that requires a combination of different skillful employees to run it. Like the veterinarians to take care of the animals at the zoo, security guards for the security of the animals of the zoo and the visitors. The operation staffs are responsible for the cleaning, serving food to the animals checking tickets and different other day to day operations. At the end the administrative staffs that are mainly responsible for the running of the zoo. Animal care management system- A great number of plant and animal species have reached to the edge of extinction because of human malpractices. Zoos highlight leader species - appealing creatures that speak to an environment, the protection of which would secure the fate of less alluring species that offer the living space. In todays world the zoo became a business oriented organization therefore the for the sake of the interest of the stake holders its important to manage the collection of the endangered collection of the plants and the animals at the zoo (Fa et al. 2014). In this subsystem, first of all the records of the animals and the plants are maintained. This component of the zoo determines the diet plans for the animals, also the breeding plans for the animals so that the number of animals can be increased for the endangered species (Okwori et al. 2014). Under this subsystems there are some other sub modules or departments that act together to efficiently manage the animals and the plants in the zoo. Administrative system- This subsystem is responsible for taking care of other facilities of the zoo. The following are the responsibilities for this subsystem. 1. Communication between the different departments. 2. Preparing and planning for the emergency situations. 3. Taking care of the environmental sustainability. 4. Maintaining the whole system and its different operations. This decisions made by the administrators are helpful in managing the different complex situations that can occur due to issues in the different other departments. Finanance management - This subsystem is responsible for the allocation and distribution of funds periodically for different operations in the zoo and producing finance related reports. Being a multi-dimensional organization it requires some concise management of the processes and operations in the zoo (King and BraÄ ko 2014). By using the informations the zoo can incorporate different activities and factors that can help in achieving the different objectives. The selected subsystems The following subsystems are chosen for the discussion in this report, Enrollment system, and the Animal care system. Components of the subsystems In this section the components of both the subsystems are discussed. For the animal and plant care system, Objective of the system- According to a survey it is found that almost 700 million people visit a zoo in their region every year. Hence it can be said that a zoo is an important factor that affects the public relationships in a society (Jara et al. 2016). Thus to save any animal species, that is endangered and providing conservation to those animals is the primary goal of this subsystem. For the enrollment system, the objective of this subsystem is to help in fund raising for the different programs of the zoo. Stakeholders of the subsystem- The following are the departments that act together to manage the animals at the zoo. The departments are animal programs department, animal health department and the pathology department, different governmental departments, universities, nongovernmental research organizations etc. (Seidl et al. 2015). These are the departments which are responsible for the exhibitions of the animals, and there day to day care. Also these stake holders are responsible for different kind of research works for the better understanding of the animals and their behavior. On the other hand in donor management system the primary stakeholders are the donors and the zoo officials who communicate with each other. Input and output of the subsystem- in the animal care system the inputs will be providing proper diet, water and nutrition to the animals (Jimnezà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Mena et al. 2016). Providing habitat or environment similar to their natural habitat helps the animal to feel comfortable in the zoo. Also they must be kept in environment where they can express or behave in their natural way and does not feel stressed. All this input can help the animals in the zoo, to behave in the natural way. Therefore the animals can grow and breed inside the zoo like they do in their natural habitat. For the donor management subsystem the input are the efforts done by the zoo staffs and the resultant output is the adoption or the animals by the clients or the visitors. Consequently it helps in the flow of funds in the different zoo programs. Feedback- As the animals in the zoo live in a fearless environment therefore it will help them to live freely and naturally breed in the zoo. This becomes helpful in their conservation. Transformation involved- From the bringing in the animal in to the zoo there are different steps in which the total system becomes operational (Gusset et al. 2014). Like the making of the habitat, feeding of the animals, introducing their breeding program in the zoo. The boundary of the system- the boundary of the system is the administrators and the staffs only who can change or modify the programs related to any animal. Environment of the system- for a system the environment can be defined as the surroundings that are remaining part of the universe outside the boundary of the system. In this case the environment is the resource management, controlling of the pests and pollution, translocation of the animals, ecological principles and the habitat diversity. Hierarchy in the subsystem-As the zoo is an organization that has numerous kind of different operations thus it should incorporate a chain of importance of control and counteractive action methodologies that starts with the identification of the problems and the realization of danger connected with those risks (Wilson et al. 2015). Managing the problems and risks includes the following strides: starts with, determining the design, operations of departments and utilization of suitable security gear (building controls); second, the advancement of procedures and standard working systems; lastly, the procurement of proper individual defensive equipments for the staffs. Specialized security equipments needs to be utilized as a part of mix with suitable administration and safety practices. Diagram of the Subsystems with annotations Fig1: Detailed diagram (Source: created by Author) Meaning of CATWOE and Root definition CATWOE The CATWOE is the abbreviation of the following C (client) Clients or customers are the stakeholders who are the end-user of the system or procedure. These are the general people wholl either suffer or is benefitted due to the changes occurred in the existing system. In this case study the clients are the visitors of the zoo A (Actors) These are the people who are reason and supporter of the change in the system. Here the actors are the different staffs of the subsystems T (transformation) These are the changes or the events that determines the nature of the change from the input to output. Like when an animal of endangered species is brought in the zoo, the way it is conserved, the approaches to increase the number of the species are taken, is included in the transformation process. W (Weltanschauung) Weltanschauung or say Worldview is the comprehensive view and the more extensive effect of the changed system. The system is broke down to think of the positive and negative effect on the general business processes (Singh and Sharma 2014). This is the most essential stride in CATWOE analysis as various partners have different point of view on the same issue. O (Owner) In the processes of change in the system these are the people who have the authority of decision making. Therefore they can stop the project of change, can decide the point of time from where the change can take place. In this scenario the administrators are the owner of the system who can decide whether or not to bring a change in to the existing system. E (Environmental constraints)- These are the outside constraints, influencing the accomplishment of the arrangement of the change. These can be ethical points of confinement, controls, budgetary requirements, asset impediments, constraints of task extension, limits set by terms of reference and others. Explanation of the keywords in context of the selected subsystem Rich Pictures- A Rich Picture is an approach to investigate, recognize and characterize a circumstance and express it through outlines to make a preparatory mental model (Walker et al. 2014). A rich picture also helps in to get an expansive, shared understanding of a circumstance. Fig2: The Rich picture for the Zoo4U (Source: created by Author) System Maps- System mapping is a helpful technique for both planning and evaluating the plan. Endeavors that intend to change systemsthat is, the manner by which individuals and associations relate (Stead and Stead 2013). Frameworks endeavors may, for instance, attempt to change or enhance the way in which an organization operates, make shared connections or systems, or change the setting or environment in which social change happens. Fig3: System Map for Zoo4U (Source: created by Author) Activity sequence diagram Fig4: Activity sequence diagram (Source: created by Author) Mind maps- Mind map is a graphical way to present data, concepts and structure information. It helps an organization to understand, synthesize, recall, or in generating new ideas (Hung et al. 2014). Fig5: Mind map for the Zoo4U (Source: created by Author) Explaining the hard and soft systems for the selected subsystems The soft and the hard systems are the approaches to model the different organizational processes. These approaches are used in solving general problems as well in the management of the change in the organization. Soft system- In this approach at first the problem situation is understood and expressed. After this some root definitions of the relevant systems related to the problem is developed (Holland and Garfield 2016). Then the conceptual models to solve the problem are made depending upon the root definitions. In the next step the developed models are compared with the real life situations. At the last step the actions are taken using possible changes are suggested that are possible to the existing system and feasible too. In the given case study the soft system methodology needs to be applied (Moore et al. 2016). Since the zoo relates with the animals and may require extensive care to know how the circumstances can be made to suit the animal. Its important because as a conservatory the zoo needs to fulfill all the requirements of the animals so that they can breed in the zoo and prosper within the security of the zoo. Hard systems- This kind of problem solving approach assumes the following, 1. The problems are well defined. 2. The problems can be solved in only one way and that is the optimum solution. 3. It is a scientific approach that works well in solving a problem 4. In this problem solving approach the technical factors dominate the situations. Conclusion The zoo ought to proceed with endeavors to encourage correspondence among and inside offices and to enhance correspondence between various hierarchical levels. There are numerous potential approaches to accomplish change: formalize normal interdepartmental gatherings, grow the utilization of cross-utilitarian assignments and broadly educating, and formalize the utilization of accessible innovative assets for upgrading interchanges inside and over the different units of the zoo. Also the zoo should develop a plan that will monitor the effeteness of the different strategies applied to the whole management system. References Adetunji, V. and Adesope, A., 2015. 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